Ludwig–Soret effect formulated from the grain-boundary-phase model

Abstract The Ludwig–Soret effect is a phenomenon wherein thermal diffusion induced by temperature gradient. governing differential equation to explain this has been derived phenomenologically based on the Onsager theorem in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. In study, we applied grain-boundary-phase (GBP) model effect. This originally proposed for calculating amount of grain boundary segregation alloys. flux vacancies was reasonably through parallel-tangent construction Gibbs energy curves utilized GBP model. Moreover, vacancy pure metal simulated. results illustrated that excess preferentially moved high-temperature region. direct application thermodynamic parameters CALPHAD method essential analyze phenomenon. Furthermore, oxygen Zr(O,Va)2 under considerably large gradient calculated, and similar result obtained, finding may rapid atom observed during flash sintering process.